Course Project – Walt Disney

Walt Disney Company Adriana Arroyo Course Project ACCT 307 August 19, 2012 Professor Stuart Thomas TABLE OF CONTENTS Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Financial Report consolidated statements of income4 consolidated balance sheets5 consolidated statements of cash flows6 consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity7 Required Questions [1] What is the amount of property and equipment on the balance sheet for the two most recent years? What is the amount of depreciation expense?What amounts are on the cash flow statement for the most recent year that relate to depreciation, gains and sales of property and equipment, and purchases and sale of property of equipment? What amounts are permitted  for inclusion in the capitalized cost of property and equipment? 8 [2] Looking at the footnote disclosures of the company, what are the individual components of property and equipment? For example, what are the amounts for land, building, equipment, accumulated depreciation, and so forth? How do c ompanies account for nonmonetary exchange and dispositions of property and equipment? [3] Does the company have intangible assets? If so what are the types of intangible assets (patent, copyrights, etc. ) and their amounts? What is the amount of amortization expense? What amounts on the most recent cash flow statement relate to the purchase and sale of intangible assets? How do intangible assets differ from property and equipment? What costs do we include in intangible assets? 9 [4] Goes the company have goodwill? What are the footnote disclosures relating to goodwill and the related acquisition?Please also describe the calculation of goodwill and how we account for differences between fair value and book value of assets acquired. 10 [5] What are the company's depreciation methods? What is the range of estimated useful lives used for depreciating their assets? Does the company use the same depreciation methods for financial statements and tax returns? If not, please describe the met hods used for tax purposes. 11 [6] What are the company's footnote disclosures relating to impairment? Please also describe how to determine if an impairment exists and how to calculate the impairment loss. 1 [7] What are the amounts and descriptions for the company's current liabilities for the most recent year? Does the company have any contingent liabilities? If yes, please describe. What are the three categories of contingent liabilities and the treatment for each type? Does the company have any subsequent events disclosed in their footnotes? If so, please describe them. 12 [8] What are the amounts and descriptions for all of the company's long-term liabilities on their balance sheet for the most recent two years? What is the interest expense for the two most recent years?What amounts are included in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and repayment of debt for the most recent year? For each note payable discussed in the footnotes disclosures, what is the interest rate, total amount borrowed, and maturity date? 12 [9] Does the company have bonds payable? If so, what are the amounts? Please also describe how bonds payable differ from notes payable and how to account for the issuance of bonds at par, at a discount, and at a premium. How is the discount and premium amortized? What is the effective interest method? 14 [10] Does the company have capital leases?If so, what are the amounts and terms of the leases? What are the four criteria for a lease to be considered a capital lease? What are the additional criteria for the lessor? What is the difference between a sales-type lease and a direct financing lease? 15 Bibliography 18 The Walt Disney Company financial analysis details the finances of the company. The analysis includes a brief summary of the company’s history and important financial information to determine the value of the company. Walt Disney Company was founded on October 16, 1923 by Walt and Roy Disney as Disney Bros . Studios which was then incorporated.Their headquarters are located in Burbank, California. Walt Disney Company has five business segments which are Media Networks, Parks and Resorts, Studio Entertainment, Consumer Products, and Interactive Media. These segments were created to support and enhance the original business model as a studio producing animated shorts and full length films. Each segment adds new and additional paths to market that together ensure the company fulfills its mission. What is the amount of property and equipment on the balance sheet for the two most recent years? What is the amount of depreciation expense?What amounts are on the cash flow statement for the most recent year that relate to depreciation, gains and sales of property and equipment, and purchases and sale of property of equipment? Parks, resorts, and other property are tangible assets that are held by an entity for the use in production or supply of goods and services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes which are expected to provide economic benefit for more than a year. Walt Disney Company’s parks, resorts, and other property amount for the fiscal year of 2011 was $35,515,000 with an accumulated depreciation of $19,572,000.This is an increase from 2010 where parks, resorts, and other property was $32,875,000 and the accumulated depreciation was $18,373,000. The Statement of Cash Flows provides information about a company’s cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period which shows how these cash flaws link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on the company’s statement of financial position. The depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year of 2011 was $1,841,000. The gains on dispositions are $75,000 for 2011. Looking at the footnote disclosures of the company, what are the individual components of property and equipment?For example, what are the amounts for land, building, equipment, accumulated depr eciation, and so forth? How do companies account for nonmonetary exchange and dispositions of property and equipment? According to the footnotes, the individual components of property are attractions, which are located in the Parks, Resorts, and Other Property, buildings and improvements, leasehold improvements, land improvements, and furniture, fixtures, and equipment. The cost for each of them for the past two years are as followed: Name| 2011| 2010| Attractions, buildings, and improvements| $17,662,000| $15,998,000| Leasehold improvements| 650,000| 644,000|Furniture, fixtures, and equipment| 13,746,000| 12,575,000| Land improvements| 3,727,000| 3,658,000| Total| $35,515,000| $32,875,000| The accumulated depreciation for 2011 was $19,572,000 where in 2010 it was $18,373,000. Does the company have intangible assets? If so what are the types of intangible assets (patent, copyrights, etc. ) and their amounts? What is the amount of amortization expense? What amounts on the most recent cash flow statement relate to the purchase and sale of intangible assets? How do intangible assets differ from property and equipment?What costs do we include in intangible assets? Walt Disney Company is required to test goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for damage on an annual basis. The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 142 requires that goodwill is allocated to various reporting units. At the end of each fiscal year, the company performs an annual damage test for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets which include FCC license and trademarks. Amortizable intangible assets are usually amortized using the straight line method and the useful life is up to forty years.The costs to periodically renew Walt Disney’s intangible assets are expensed as incurred. The company also determined that there are currently no legal, competitive or economic factors that will materially limit the useful life of FCC licenses and trademark. Th e total amount of goodwill is $29,266,000. The goodwill and intangible assets by segment are as followed: Name| 2011| 2010| Media Networks| $17,421,000| $17,442,000| Parks and Resorts| 172,000| 171,000| Studio Entertainment| 6,498,000| 6,416,000| Consumer Products| 3,715,000| 3,699,000| Interactive Media| 1,330,000| 1,323,000|Corporate| 130,000| 130,000| Total| $29,266,000| $29,181,000| The net amortizable intangible assets total is $3,161,000. Intangible assets are assets that are not physical but intellectual property. For example, patents, trademarks, and copyrights are examples of intangible assets. It can be classified as either indefinite or definite depending on the specifics of the asset. However, property and equipment is a physical asset that is important to business operations but cannot easily be liquidated. The value of this asset is depreciated over an estimated life.What are the footnote disclosures relating to goodwill and the related acquisition? Please also describ e the calculation of goodwill and how we account for differences between fair value and book value of assets acquired. The footnote disclosures relating to goodwill are under Acquisitions. Marvel Entertainment, Inc. , a character-based entertainment company, is required to allocate the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets obtained and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill.This reflects the value to Disney from leveraging Marvel intangible asset. The goodwill recorded as part of this acquisition is not amortizable for tax purposes. Goodwill can be calculated by using one of the three methods which are average profit method, super profits method, and capitalization method. By using the average profit method, goodwill is calculated on the basis of the average profit of previous years. The formula is Goodwill = Average Profit x Number of Years Purchase. The next method, sup er profits method, is a method which tries to measure the capital needed for earning a super profit.There are three steps to this method which are as followed: [1] Normal Profits = Capital Invested x Normal Rate of Return / 100 [2] Super Profits = Actual Profits – Normal Profits [3] Goodwill = Super Profit x Number of Years Purchased The final method to calculate goodwill is capitalization method which is the whole value of the company is calculated by capitalization of the average or actual profits. The formula is Goodwill = [Actual Profits / Normal Rate of Return] x 100 (Study Test Time). What are the company's depreciation methods?What is the range of estimated useful lives used for depreciating their assets? Walt Disney Company uses the straight line method for depreciation. According to Stock Analysis on Net, the estimated useful lives for attractions: 25-40 years, buildings and improvements: 20-40 years, leasehold improvements: life of lease or asset life if less, land improvements: 20-40 years, and furniture, fixtures, and equipment: 3-25 years. What are the company's footnote disclosures relating to impairment? Please also describe how to determine if impairment exists and how to calculate the impairment loss.Walt Disney Company recorded $33 million for Studio Entertainment and $22 million for Interactive Media creating a total of $55 million in restricting and impairment charges during 2011 for compensation and amenities costs. While in 2010, they recorded $151 million for Studio Entertainment, $95 million for Media Networks, and impairment charges of $132 million generating a total of $270 million in restricting and impairment charges. What are the amounts and descriptions for the company's current liabilities for the most recent year?Does the company have any contingent liabilities? If yes, please describe. What are the three categories of contingent liabilities and the treatment for each type? Does the company have any subsequent events disc losed in their footnotes? If so, please describe them. Walt Disney’s current liabilities are the total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the financial period. The current liabilities are accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current portion of borrowings, unearned royalties and other advances.The company is involved with legal proceedings and has accrued estimates of the probable and estimable losses for the resolution of these claims. They are also certain contractual arrangements that would require the company to make payments or provide funding if specific situations occur. On May 19, 2004, Celador International Ltd. , an associate of the television program â€Å"Who Wants to be a Millionaire,† filed a lawsuit against Walt Disney Company and some of its branches, which included the American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. nd Buena Vista Television, LLC, stated that Walt Disney Company did not pay the their s hare of the profits. On July 7, 2010, the jury announced their verdict for breaching the contract against certain branches of the Walt Disney Company and awarding $269. 4 for the plaintiff in damages. Walt Disney Company believed the jury’s verdict is wrong and is trying to pursue an appeal. What are the amounts and descriptions for all of the company's long-term liabilities on their balance sheet for the most recent two years? What is the interest expense for the two most recent years?What amounts are included in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and repayment of debt for the most recent year? For each note payable discussed in the footnotes disclosures, what is the interest rate, total amount borrowed, and maturity date? In the section of Liabilities in the Balance Sheet provides creditors, investors, and analysts with information on company’s resources and its sources of capital. It also provides information about the future earnings amount of a company’s assets along with cash flows that may come from receivables and inventories.The long term liabilities are the total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that is expected to be repaid beyond one year or business cycle. Walt Disney Company’s long term liabilities increased from 2010 to 2011. The total long term debt for 2011 was $12,454,000 and deferred income taxes were $3,150,000. For 2010, the total long term debt was $12,582,000 and deferred income taxes were $3,206,000. The income statement provides information on the financial results of the company’s business activities over a period of time.It also communicates how much revenue the company generates during a period and what cost it has incurred that connects with generating that revenue. The interest expense for the fiscal year of 2011 was $343 million and for 2010 was $409 million. The amounts that are included in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and repayment of debt for the fiscal year of 2011 are commercial paper borrowings was $393 million, borrowings was $2,350 million, and reduction of borrowings was $1,096 million. Under Note 9: Borrowings, there is an outline for each of the notes ayables. Commercial paper debt outstanding, which is a short term unsecured promissory notes issued by companies, was at $1. 6 billion by October 1, 2011. In February 2011, the company agreed to another four-year $2. 25 billion bank facility with a group of leaders which will mature by 2013. At the end of the fiscal year, the company has a shelf registration statement which allows the Walt Disney Company to issue various types of debt, for example fixed or floating rate notes, US dollar or foreign currency, redeemable notes, global notes, and dual currency.Another note payable is U. S. Medium Term Note Program where the total debt outstanding was $8. 4 billion. The maturities of current outstanding borrowings rang between one to eight two year s and the interest rate ranges from 0% to 7. 55%. European Medium Term Note Program is another note for the issuance of various types of debt that include fixed or floating rate notes, U. S. dollar or foreign currency denominated notes, redeemable notes, or dual currency notes. It matures in 2013 and has an interest rate of 1. 65%.Next, is Other Foreign Currency Denominated Debt where the company has a credit agreement in Canadian dollars which matures in 2013 and has an interest rate of 1. 42%. Lastly, Capital Cities/ABC Debt has an outstanding balance of $114 million, matures in 2021, and has an interest rate of 8. 75%. Does the company have bonds payable? If so, what are the amounts? Please also describe how bonds payable differ from notes payable and how to account for the issuance of bonds at par, at a discount, and at a premium. How is the discount and premium amortized?What is the effective interest method? Walt Disney Company issued corporate 30 year bonds in this fiscal yea r. These bonds are high quality long term and are worth $600 million. A note payable is a written agreement between a lender and a borrower to pay stated sums of money at future dates, classified a current or non-current of the balance sheet date. Bonds payable are a long term liability account containing the face amount, par amount, or maturity amount of the bonds issued by a company that are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.If the coupon rate of a bond matches with the market rate of interest when the bonds are actually sold to investors, then the bonds will sell at par value. Bonds are issued at a discount when the coupon interest rate is below the market interest rate which leads to the company receiving less cash than the face value of the bonds. A bond will trade at a premium when it offers a coupon rate that is higher than current interest rates. When bonds are sold at a discount or premium, the interest rate is adjusted from the face rate to an effective that is clos e to the market rate when the bonds were issued.It is important to amortize the discount or premium bonds over the life of the bonds by using the straight line method which allocated a fixed portion of the bond discount or premium each interest period to adjust the interest payment to interest expense. When a bond is sold at a discount, the amount of the bond discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the bond. According to Investopedia, the effective interest method is the practice of accounting for the discount at which a bond is sold as an interest expense to be amortized over the life of bond (Investopedia, 2012).In other words, the effective interest method is a technique for calculating the actual interest rate in a period based on the book value at the beginning of the accounting period. Does the company have capital leases? If so, what are the amounts and terms of the leases? What are the four criteria for a lease to be considered a capital lease? What are th e additional criteria for the lessor? What is the difference between a sales-type lease and a direct financing lease? Walt Disney Company carries a capital lease obligations of $288 million in the fiscal year of 2011 and $224 million in the fiscal year of 2010.They have non-cancelable capital lease which is mainly for land and broadcast equipment. The future payments for the leases are as followed: 2012 $70 2013 $59 2014 $51 2015 $60 2016 $27 Thereafter $519 Total minimum obligations $786Less amount representing interest ($480) Present value of net minimum obligations $306 Less current portion ($18) Long-term portion $288 (The Walt Disney Company, 2012)In order for a lease to be considered a capital lease the four criteria are [1] title of the asset passes automatically from the lessor to the lessee at the end of the lease term, [2] lease contains a bargain purchase option under which the lessee may acquire the leased-asset at less than its fair market value of the end of the lease terms, [3] lease term is for a period longer than 75% of the estimated economic life of the asset, or [4] the present value of the lease payments is greater than 90% of the fair market value of the asset at the beginning of the lease term.The additional conditions for the lessor are [1] the collectability of minimum lease payments is assured and (2) no important uncertainties surround the amount of un-reimbursable costs yet to be incurred. Sales-type lease is a lease where a company rents its own assets that it needs to run its business. This lease is used when a manufacturer is leasing a property or the usage of property.Because the lessee receives the use of property in exchange for payments and assumes the liability for the asset, the lease looks like the purchase of an item. However, the lessor expects the lessee to return the equipment or provide payment for its purchase when the expiration of the lease is up. On the other hand, direct financing lease is a lease agreement where the lessor obtains equipment for the purpose of leasing it and generating revenue through interest payments.The lessor is not a manufacturer or dealer and the lessor purchases the property only for the purpose of leasing it. The main difference between sales-type leases and direct financing lease is the value of the lease in relation to the property. In a sales-type lease, the lessor records a profit or loss on a property based on the amount of payments received. On the contrary in the direct financing lease, the lessor only earns profit on the interest from sending out payment amounts.Today, Walt Disney Company operates under a new and reengineered model that has worked to increase revenues by creating and exploring original across their five business segments. The company is developed on tradition with a well-defined vision for the future and continues to distinguish itself among other companies. As the company moves forward, they have a solid financial profile which will provide the company constant financial flexibility. Bibliography Investopedia. (2012).Retrieved August 2012, from Effective Interest Method: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/e/effective-interest-method. asp#axzz23eVWKTSl The Walt Disney Company. (2012, January). Retrieved August 2012, from Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Financial Report and Shareholder Letter: http://cdn. media. ir. thewaltdisneycompany. com/2011/annual/WDC-10kwrap-2011. pdf Study Test Time. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 2012, from Methods of Valuation of Goodwill: http://www. studytesttime. com/about-goodwill/10-methods-of-valuation-of-goodwill

Bacevich, “Appetite for Destruction”

Bacevich argues that â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† principles on which the American government were based, has always been associated with the desire to accumulate: territories, business markets, and precious resources. In the present day, for many Americans, this ideology equates with consumerism, and the consumerist/materialist/self-indulgent culture affects foreign policy. In the American conscience, expansion, abundance, and freedom have been inextricably linked.This linkage is most evident in the events and American’s economic and military status directly following World War II. The post-World War II expansion, however, reached a crisis point in the 60s with the Vietnam War, when America was transformed into an â€Å"Empire of Consumption. † Now, these three concepts are not related reciprocally: expansion is not leading to abundance. On the contrary, it is leading to scarcity. Bacevich argues that U. S.’s reliance on oil and pet roleum (and its dependence on foreign sources for this resource) has led it to stray from ethical foreign policy. This phenomenon was something that Carter recognized, but the American public was unwilling to admit that their primary threat was their own consumerist behavior (and not some outside threat). Reagan indulged the American public’s desire for instant gratification: oil consumption jumped considerably as did the size of the national debt, and savings dwindled as American’s borrowed more and more. The dependency on oil has made the U.S. dependent on Islamic lands, and Presidents have generally relied on military power to retain access to these necessary resources. In the aftermath of September 11, President Bush encouraged Americans to indulge their consumerism. Instead of advising them that saving might be prudent given that war costs money, Bush focused on preserving the American way of life. Because the American way of life has not been seen as a major prob lem, Americans now have expensive commitments in foreign lands and face dangers that they are poorly equipped to face.

Animals Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animals Rights - Essay Example Though the animal owners make big claims regarding the proper and appropriate care of the speech creatures they have maintained in their supervision and custody, yet the available facts and figures aptly disregard these claims made in respect of apposite treatment of the animals. First and the foremost responsibility of the masters towards their animals is provision of sufficient food according to the tastes and requirements of their respective carnivorous and herbivorous animals. Nevertheless, one of the most frequent complaints made against the animal-keepers include the poor quality and lesser quantity of the food being offered by the owners. It is particularly the case with the beasts e.g. lions and tigers, which just rely upon meat in order to survive. Somehow, their masters often make complains regarding their problems while affording the meat in such a high quantity. But the question is this that if they are unable to provide the beasts with sufficient meat, should they have a ny reason to keep them hungry on ethical grounds. Since animals are physically far more powerful and energetic than humans, they certainly require more food in order to survive on the one side and for performing different activities on the other. It is therefore adequate quantity of food in necessary for keeping them healthy. Another prominent cruelty inflicted upon the animals is the attack made on their freedom and liberty. The animals have the right to move here and there without having any restrictions upon them. Somehow, some areas could be specified for their free movements so that they could not harm the humans. It has aptly been observed that most of the â€Å"owners keep the animals in chains; it is particularly the case with the beasts i.e.... This paper stresses that there are many steps to be taken for the safety, protection and well-being of the animals. The political authorities should impose complete banishment on the animal hunt, by laying special stress upon banning the hunting of rare animals. In addition, â€Å"complete and regular checks up of all the pets and beasts kept by their masters must be declared compulsory one from the governmental recognized veterinary hospitals and medical centers in order to assure their health, fitness and cleanliness†. This report makes a conclusion that it becomes evident that animals are the sign and symbol of the beauties, tenderness, delicacy and aesthetics of nature; in the same way they are equally representatives of the valor, strength, power and aggression maintained by nature. Nonetheless, â€Å"the animals are in an extremely vulnerable state of affairs in the residences, circuses, zoos and other commercial centers, where they are inflicted with various kinds of cruelties and atrocities†. The beasts are not the exception altogether, as they have to undergo electric shocks and severe tortures at the hands of their stone-hearted masters. There is an urgent need for the establishment of regularity authorities for the imposition of strict bans on the hunting, trading and torturing on the animals, as well as for the assurance of proper food and cleanliness of the speechless creature, so that the humanity could be escaped from the natural disasters and calamities come as the revenge agai nst the criminalities and offences against the hapless creatures.

Obesity in Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Obesity in Children - Research Paper Example As the discussion stresses  morbidly obese children also suffer from emotional distress as a result they develop profuse eating habits and feel delighted if they get all the eatables they wish for, thereby developing a tendency to eat constantly and still remain dissatisfied even after consuming a large full meal. It is observed that children consume junk food items and snacks, containing high proportion of fat, salt and sugar contributing to the obesity. The most favorite food items for kids of present epoch are ice creams, soda pop, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, French fries made of potatoes rich in starch, milk shakes containing excessive sugar, chips, and candy bars. These food items are devoid of fibers and are rich in fats and cholesterol. Instead of consuming raw vegetables and fruits children of the present era like to opt for juice with sugar, as fibers are being strained out from these juices they are devoid of providing nutrition that could act as roughage.  This p aper discusses that  the life style and schedule also paves the way for bad eating habits. Working parents get little time for their children to train them for developing good eating habits. Parents leave little time for attending the kids and discussing with them their issues and concerns, their likes and dislikes.  Working mother seldom gets time to cook food for their kids and thereby forcing the kids to opt for the readymade food stuff available in the market.

Library Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Library Science - Essay Example Personal records should represent individuals as social agents and produce a proper representation of a character. Most archives have always focused on the collective aspects of individuals while neglecting the personal reflection. Personal archives demand an appraisal approach that differs from organization archives. Archivists should implement several considerations when conceptualizing records. Recording of personal archives involves documenting singular views of people and revealing their individual expression as opposed to group opinions. Archivists implement intimacy when designing personal records. Reflection of the intimacy comes from the organization and content of the records. The appraisal theory of personal archives emphasizes on individual character of creators (Hobbs, 2001). Shifting to personal archives will enable the institutions to provide a good representation of organizations by expressing individual-based views. It is imperative to capture the personality of individuals in archives. Hobbs, 2001, attempts to change views of archival appraisal by encouraging the professionals to value personal opinions in archives rather than inclination on collective expressions. The article describes the criteria that archivists should use in identifying collections. The setting of the project is based in Yale University Library. The article describes a project whose aim is Hyry, Kaplan and Weideman, 2002, propose a rational approach for collection of faculty papers in the university. The article uses Minnesota method to find its effectiveness in the case study. It proposes the need to develop proper approaches of collecting faculty papers by institutions of higher learning. It explains a project that the Yale University Library undertook in Manuscripts and Archives (Hyry, Kaplan & Weideman, 2002). The project involved application of the methodology from Minnesota Historical Society. The article illustrates an

The likely implications of a large country engaging in loose monetary Essay - 1

The likely implications of a large country engaging in loose monetary policy for exchange rates - Essay Example Like any other economy in the world, certain internal and external factors move its exchange rates in the short term and long term. These range from inflation and interests rates, balance of payment, investors and traders confidence in Germany and fiscal health of the government among others. Loose monetary policy generates both positive and negative effects to the economy, where the later can be severe and may require protection interventions to regulate the economic behaviour Monetary policies are controlled by the federal governments through the Central Banks in the nations. Therefore, depending on how the economy is performing, the federal government would provide the guidance on the monetary policy (loose or tight) to adopt. On the other hand, fiscal monetary policy in an economy and the transmission of a shock from the broader economy (e.g. global crisis or US shock affecting the Euro) could affect and action of the government and eventually the monetary policy. Large countries have high population of people and due to their engagement in economic development and high international transactions with the rest of the world; they tend to affect the economic variables of other open foreign markets, more than the small countries. Open economies/ countries are those that participate in international trade or economic activities, facilitating some level of freedom in importation and exportation with other countries. Measuring openness is quite complicated and theoretically determined by the level of protectionism (e.g. tariffs) applied by the country. However it can be estimated through the trade to GDP ratio in a country. Small countries are more open than large countries; they have higher than 70 percent openness premium (shares of imports and exports in GDP) (Damijan et al, 2013, p. 4). The effect of the loose monetary policy in the domestic front of small countries tends to be similar to large countries and perhaps faster and severely. However, in the foreig n front, there would be a variance, especially in the international factor flow that is translated in the domestic capital market. This is because of the trade volatility and high degree of openness that make them more vulnerable to external shocks. Similarly, the shocks from the small countries tend to have negligible effect in the broader foreign market, hence on the receivers end. What would happen to the exchange rates in Germany in case of a loose monetary policy? German is the largest economy in Europe with an open but regulated market. It also shares a common currency (Euro) with rest of the nations in the European Union who accepted to the terms of currency union. This in fact reduces the chances of speculative attacks on the Germany currency. According to the Europecafe (2013), German stood at number 5 rank of the largest economies across the globe; the dominating European country in trade and especially in machinery export abroad. If German can opt for an expansionary mone tary policy, its real interest rates would decline, forcing Germany’s domestic capital and financial assets to have lower real rates of return. The basic principal here is that monetary policy affects finances through interest rates and ultimately the exchange rates. Domestic investment for Germany would hence reduce after some time, as the previous investors prefer to invest abroad in search

Is Schizophrenia a Biological Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Schizophrenia a Biological Disorder - Essay Example Because of the scarcity of evidence that can be relied upon the disease is difficult to be identified with symptoms only. Because of its unpredictable nature also because of lack of knowledge about its causes this disease is rightly called cancer of mental illness. Some scientists believe that researchers were successful in finding out the biological background of the disease in 1990s. The modern diagnostic equipment are somewhat useful in identifying the biological root causes of the disease. But the whole truth is yet to be discovered. This disease was recognized and treated in its primitive forms about 3,000 years ago. Although the present name schizophrenia was not used in those days it was called dementia, and late demence precoce etc. But later on a German psychiatrist, Emil Kraepelin presented a theory to call it a single disease quite similar to dementia praecox. But the theory of Kraeplin was rebuted by Eugene Bleuler. Bleuler thought that it is not a single disease similar to dementia praecox. According to symptoms clinical picture schizophrenia is divided into five subtypes. A person suffering from schizophrenia may not have symptoms of a single category so the usefulness of this division to subtypes is still considered a not very effective and reliable Schizophrenia is quite common disease it accounts for almost 50 percent of most of mental disorders. This syndrome is equally common in men and women. ... A person suffering from schizophrenia may not have symptoms of a single category so the usefulness of this division to subtypes is still considered a not very effective and reliable Prevailing views about Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is quite common disease it accounts for almost 50 percent of most of mental disorders. This syndrome is equally common in men and women. It is observed that disease may attack patient in his or her 30s. But this is not a hard and fast rule. It can appear in the later age of the patient also. It is also said that most of the patients of this disease live in poorer areas of the cities. Some scholars think that the patients suffering from this disease can not survive financially in well off or middle class areas because of the disease so they have to move to the poorer areas. Others have a different view, they think that this disease most commonly cause by stress and anxiety related to financial problems, that is why most of the patients are from poorer areas of the cities. Common Symptoms Traditionally it is not easy for a therapist to assess and diagnose the person with this syndrome. The doctor would have to carefully review the symptoms prevalent in the patient. The doctors have to rely upon the information provided by the people closely affiliated to the patient. The doctors also confirm their assessment by keeping the person under observation and results of mental status are also used for getting correct diagnosis. Therapist mostly focus on thoughts disorders, deception. Patient can get preoccupied by illusions relate religion or beliefs. Many people with schizophrenia have disturbances in expressions and emotions. The patients may no feel no regard or connection with

Strategic human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic human resource management - Essay Example The increased efficiency of any organization may be due to ideal way of utilizing the human resources which is accelerated by the successful implementation of strategic human resource management. Only those organizations who adopt the flexible management strategies survive in the present day global market as the element of competition creeps in at a faster rate day by day (Schuler, 1992). This necessitates the application of key strategies based on the changes in the tastes of the customers and market demand. The strategic human resource management plays vital role in supplying the necessary information to the managers related to the production of best quality produce so that the organization survives in the global market. In other words, the formulation of strategic human resource management is important to come up with innovative products that compete well with other market players. ‘Several emerging issues that strategic human resource management systems must include are tec hnological fluidity, workforce demographic changes and shifting worker values’ (Lepak and Shaw, 2008). One should keep in mind that various elements or indicators of strategic human resource management like structure, team work, style, dynamic leadership, employee organization commitment and creativity help in enhancing the organizational efficiency. Ideal structure of the organization facilitates efficient flow of resources and hence it results in increasing the overall efficiency of the organization (Kenneth et al., 2006). Employee organization commitment also plays crucial role in enhancing the organizational efficiency by reducing the absenteeism and improving the employee adaptability to the organizational changes (Su et al., 2009). Dynamic leadership is another key indicator that aids in overall monitoring and guidance of the key operations of any organization. Similarly, the team work plays vital role in production of quality product by the integration

Open and Closed Source and What It Means Essay Example for Free

Open and Closed Source and What It Means Essay Open-Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created Linux, he determined that the more people or, the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and the possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open-source operating system (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Open-Source is defined by the code or source code is accessible to person or persons who essentially use it or in IT definition: end-user. The user can revise and refashion or change it, as long as he or she adhere to the standards in the associated license (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). How Open Source is different from Closed Source Closed-Source is owned by someone, or some company, and cost money. The buyer has to pay for the right to use the program, but the buyer does not own it. In the case of Microsoft Windows companies have to purchase licensing rights can purchase keys codes in volume, and individuals pay for their key codes, or rights to use the software or program (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Closed Source is also defined in that the code or source code is retained and maintained by the designer or developer, and they are the only ones that can make changes to it, analyze it, or scrutinize it (Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source, 2003-2009). Linux Linux is an open-source version of the UNIX operating system. It has been said According to What Is Linux And Why Is It So Popular? (1998-2013), it is as â€Å"much a phenomenon as it is an operating system† (para. 4). The original version or first version of UNIX was created some decades ago and was used mostly as a research operating system in universities. Dynamic desktop workstations from other companies flourished in the 1980s, and were all created from UNIX. Because many companies were trying to compete with each other each of them had, their own version of UNIX and software sales was very problematic. The Linux kernel created by Linus Torvalds, invited help or innovation ideas from others, but the prerequisite was that they had to contribute free. Windows Windows is a computer operating system with a GUI or graphical user interface. It is a personal computer operating system, or PC OS created by Microsoft. The first version in 1985 was presented to residential and commercial PC users the GUI that was created at an experimental lab at Xerox, as well as Apple’s Lisa and Macintosh (Mac) computers. Microsoft’s Word and excel became the customary for users throughout the world in homes and businesses. OS X OS X is also known as Mac OS X, or Mac OS 10 is the present version of the operating system used on Apple Macintosh computers. It is a user-friendly OS. Previous versions based on the original Mac OS were released in 1984. In the late 1990’s Window’s started to make Mac OS and Apple’s OS appear to be outdated, and so Apple overhauled Mac OS and generated a new OS from the ground up. Since a lot of the code was composed from scratch, a great deal of it was taken from NEXTSTEP OS. NEXTSTEP was a Unix-based system running on NeXT computers, which are no longer manufactured. Apple purchased NeXT in 1997 and Steve Jobs was hired as interim CEO. Apple then took the Unix-based code from NEXTSTEP and combined it with the GUI of Mac OS 9. It became an unwavering, high-performance OS that was as stable as UNIX and the intuitive interface of the Mac. Mac OS X 10. 0 was released in 2001. General Licensing Models (GPL) Gnu Public License, Microsoft Licensing Most software licenses are intended to not allow the user to share and change it. However, the GNU or General Public License is designed to allow users to share, copy, and change free software, or to confirm the software is free to all users. Software that safeguards these privileges are kept is called free software. The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation or (FSF) for the GNU project. According to Gnu General Public License, Version 3 29 June 2007 (2007), â€Å"The GNU General Public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works† (para. 1). Copyleft means a technique for creating a program whereby it is free; forcing any altered and expanded versions of said program to be free also. A software company provides a software license to a consumer who then provides their permission for the consumer to use their software packet or package. Typically, it comes with many restrictions, and only allows the user one copy per license. It cannot be copied or distributed in anyway. Such is the case for Microsoft. Microsoft also has volume licensing in that a corporation can purchase as many licenses, or also referred to as key codes, as they might need depending on the size of the business. When Microsoft came up with volume licensing it allowed businesses to save costs by not having to purchase the boxed software. The cost is only for the license number or key code. It can also give tailored buying choices and better software administration.

Summary of Story Essay Example for Free

Summary of Story Essay * A man of God, who went through the ups and downs of life, who walked through the valley and the shadow of death by choosing to ignore what God wants for him. He spent his early childhood as one who fears God, but as he grew old, he wandered away and chose a different path. As a teen, he had done nasty things and as he grew older, he became worse. He started doing bigger criminal works, even started using and dealing drugs. He was caught a couple of times, went in and out of prison, and still chooses to do bad things. But then came a night, when he double crossed one of his fellow drug dealers, he knew that they would come to seek and kill him for what he has done to them. As he tries to hide, avoid what’s coming, he turned to God. He asked God to save him, and if God would give him this favor, he will give his life to Him by coming back and serving Him. Henry’s story is somewhat alike to the story in the bible â€Å"The prodigal son†, for he chose to go away but later comes back for mercy and acceptance. We all make mistakes in our lives, but it’s never too late to ask God for forgiveness. God doesn’t look at a clock and counts how long a person has taken to ask for forgiveness. God is always more than willing to accept someone who seeks to be forgiven and guided through his life. Favorite line: â€Å"Faith is about doing, you are how you act and not just how you believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * Albert Lewis Faith is something that we may all believe. Even though it varies in form, process, rituals or language, it is always present anytime anywhere. Faith can be defined in many ways than one, but what’s important is how a person believes in it and lives with it. You can say you have faith but you cannot be called faithful unless you practice what you preach. Believing is not enough if you don’t fully understand what you believe in. Likewise, if you only believe in faith but you don’t give it as much importance as you give to other things, then it will be not more than just a word. As the saying goes, â€Å"actions speak louder than words†, so if you know how to embody and practice the faith you believe, then that defines that you are what you believe. Morale of the story: â€Å"Mistakes are ever present in our lives. But it’s our choice to do what is right and what is wrong. Life is full of challenges that may affect us in many ways. It’s always up to us to coupe up with life and face everything it has in stored for us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the story have a little faith; there are some citations that indicate some character that have committed something that was far from what is accepted. Here are some examples; the first one would be about Albert Lewis. It happened when he was studying to be ordained as a Rabbi, he failed to pass so he chose to stop and not to continue anymore. But then he came to know a boy who was so insubordinate and impolite. He tried his best to talk to the boy, loosen him so as for him to be understood. After a couple of days, the boy came home as a changed child. And with this, the boy’s family was so thankful for what Albert has done, and in coincidence the boy’s father was a pastor. The father convinced Albert to try again if he really wanted to be ordained as a pastor. Giving up for what you want will only lead to grief and unsatisfactory with one’s self.

the disease and choice of drug addiction

the disease and choice of drug addiction Disease vs. Choice Have you ever battled with the idea that maybe being a drug addict is a disease and not a choice? Or that it is a choice and not a disease? This topic is one of the most controversial subjects to discuss because there are many different opinions when it comes to deciding whether its a disease or choice. Some researchers have taken a stance and reported that drug dependence is a disease while other researchers report it as being a choice. My stance with this, even after researching, is that being a drug addict and or abuse is ultimately a choice. The moment we are born we all are born with free will. The things we choose to do at what ever age or time in our life is a choice. We make our own decisions to either say yes or no. Whenever those boundaries are crossed thats a choice being made. By taking into account a first hand story and interview from a woman that used to be addicted to drugs along with the information presented by researchers on both views of addiction as a brain disease and as a choice, I will argue against drug addiction being labeled a brain disease. In todays society it is almost impossible for anyone to say that they do not know someone who is involved in drugs in some sort of capacity. Some of us may know of someone that is a drug addict, ex- drug addict, or even someone that is contemplating drug use. However, no one gets involved with drugs at any point in time without first choosing to do so. With just that first decision and act of actually using, many people ultimately find themselves addicted to drugs or even drug abusers. Several people dont know that there is a difference in being addicted to drugs and being a drug abuser. Although neither of the two is any better than the other, there is still a difference. According to Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior the thirteenth edition by Carl L. Hart, Charles Ksir, and Oakley Ray, drug addiction is when someone compulsively uses a substance, despite its negative and sometimes dangerous effects. Drug abuse is when someone is using a drug excessively, or for purposes which it was not medically intended (Hart, Ksir, Ray). However, someone can abuse drugs without being addicted but the opposite is not true. It is not possible to be addicted to drugs without abusing them. Once that imaginary line has been crossed that spiral downward begins to take place in ones life unless the individual chooses to not take that path. Drug use, like all other choices, is influenced by preferences and goals. It is not gender specific and affects people of all age groups and economic levels. Continued drug use alters good judgment and leads to other risky behavior such as making a decision to drive a vehicle, have unprotected sex, or participate in activities one would not normally undertake, if not for being under the influence of drugs. Those who are addicted or are abusers fail to fulfill their obligations at school, at work, to friends, and even family members. This is all a familiar scene for Kathy Thomas, a woman that used to be addicted to drugs and now have been clean for twenty- one years. She recalls upon the time when she first tried cocaine. Kathy states in the interview that she had just gotten into a fight with her husband, at that time, and as a result of that fight and how she was feeling she made a choice to let someone easily convince her to try cocaine. Eventually Kathy wanted to try the drug agai n and from there on allowed for her self to become hooked on the drug. She chased that high constantly for two years. Throughout the two years she struggled with the idea of wanting to quit but still wanting to feel that first high again. She remembers inheriting some money from her grandfathers estate and blowing approximately one thousand dollars on cocaine within a matter of twenty-four hours. She became very neglectful towards her kids along with her other responsibilities. Kathy states that the circumstances that lead up to her going into rehab was the scare she received from being involved in a drug raid and realizing that if anything happened to her then she would have no one to care for her kids. Those two things frightened her enough to get clean and remain clean. In the interview with Kathy she was asked if she believes whether drug addiction is a disease or choice. Kathy responded by saying that she believes it is a choice because she was not forced into using drugs and t hat she made those choices to do the drug each and every time while realizing how she and her family were being affected. Ultimately it was something she wanted to do and because of her drug use she allowed for her life to be turned upside down. When asked if she accepts full responsibility for her actions she answered, â€Å"yes, because it would be wrong to actually blame others for my actions or on the idea that it may a brain disease when in the end it was all by choice just as it was my choice to get clean† (Thomas). While taking into account real life circumstances from an ex- drug addict on drugs as a choice, lets look into what some researchers have founded. Authors of Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior report that until the 20th century, the most common view was probably that dependent individuals were weak willed, lazy, or immoral, then medical and scientific studies began of users. Through those studies they believed that it seemed as if something more powerful than mere self-indulgence was at work, and the overall view began to be that dependence is a drug induced illness (Hart, Ksir, and Ray 34). But to add insult to it all, Alan Leshner, the former director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the National Institutes of Health, compares having an addiction, although knowing that it begins with a clear voluntary decision, to that of someone with schizophrenia because they cannot control their hallucinations and delusions as well as to someone that has Parkinson disease because they cannot control their trembling (Leshner). First lets get an understanding of what disease means. Disease is a particular destructive process in an organ or organism, with a specific cause and characteristic symptoms; specifically; an illness or ailment (Webster). With this in mind how can one compare any disease to that of a drug addict? Someone with a heart disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, or any other disease does not choose to wake up one day and say that they want to have their diseases however a drug addict does choose to use drugs. No matter how it ultimately affects the user they were affected because of their choice to use. Jeffrey Schaler, a psychologist and author of Addiction is a Choice, views drug addiction as a choice and is very critical of treatments that â€Å"teach† patients that they are not in control of their behaviors (Schaler). However, the Drug Addiction Support website states that the person is no longer in control of it and cannot break free of the diseases power and that â€Å"thing† that says stop isnt there anymore (Drug). If this were true then what about those that voluntarily decide to get clean? And if this were true then we wouldnt have stories like Kathy Thomas. Stanton Peele, a psychologist and source used in the Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior the thirteenth edition, argued that substance dependence does not have many of the same characteristics of some classic medical diseases. He states how we cant X-ray or blood test to reveal the underlying cause or even that there is an underlying cause because all that is present as far as symptoms is excessive involvement. Peele suggests that if substance abuse is a disease then gambling, excessive sexual intercourse, and overeating should also be seen as diseases, but in this sense it demoralizes our normal understanding of the concept of disease. Therefore, stating that substance abuse is like a disease in many ways is ultimately different from insisting that it is a disease (40). Society labeling drug addiction as a brain disease gives drug addicts a way out of taking responsibility for their own actions. My position with this is that they will likely continue to use because they will fall int o the stigma that they use because they have a disease and they cant stop. There are so many things that happen to a human in life that are truly out of our control but unless one is actually held at gunpoint to use drugs then this is one thing that we can control. But even in this scenario if one is forced to use drugs then once free of the torment the victim ultimately has a choice of continuing to use or to quit. Schaler believes that most of the drug addicts resort to using drugs because of problems in their life that they are trying to run away from. Therefore, if one brings forth their problems that they are trying so hard to avoid and learn different ways of coping with them then they are more likely to have a successful outcome (Schaler). The Drug Addiction Support group suggests that whatever the drug of choice, intervention and treatment are necessary for addicts to return to a healthy lifestyle (Drug). When looking back into Kathys story and interview she expressed that there are factors that a drug addict needs to put in place in order to remain clean and drug free. She stated how she had to make choices to change the type of people she hung out with, the type of places she went to, and the things that she did that lead her to use drugs (Thomas). In summary using drugs is a willful commitment or dedication, just like joining an exercising club or committing your self to complete a college education. While heavy consumption of drugs is often foolish and self-destructive, it is still a matter of personal choice. Drug dependence has no specific preference on which person is affected. Bad people are drug addicts, weak people, good people, nice people, well-educated people, the blue collar, the rich, and the poor. People decide their own fate when it comes to drug usage. Labeling drug addicts as having a brain disease is not fair to those that truly do have diseases and made no choice to contain their conditions. Those that are addicted to drugs need to accept responsibility for their choices. Every single time someone picks up drugs and does them then they are choosing to do so. No one else chooses that for them. Those that have successfully gotten themselves into a treatment center or sought other ways of rehabilitating themselv es have done so because they chose to. Just as well, when one relapses it is because they chose to go and use drugs again. Once it is understood that drug addicts are choosing to do drugs and that it is not some â€Å"force† keeping them from stopping then maybe there will be more drug addicts taking responsibility for their action. However it may be, I will still hold my stance in saying that being a drug addict and or abuser is still a choice.

Fallacies of Internet Censorship Essay -- science

Fallacies of Internet Censorship Laws, enforcements, and censorship have been developed since the beginning of civilization. With freedom, comes responsibility, and with responsibility comes common sense. In a society or nation of few, laws and restriction tend to be smaller, and less complex. This is contributed by the fact that in small groups, their will be less diversity amongst them. In larger society ranging in millions to billions, the need for a more complex, organized government begins to form. No human is in fact alike, each person possess their own form of will, and much their own point-of-view. In a large mass society, it becomes tedious, and complex to try and rule by anarchy. The need for a common law amongst this civilization is usually formed. One of the most critical needs of a civilization is communication. In the past, communication was presented by means of both oral and written forms. Unfortunately, this form of communication is slowly beginning to fade with the invention of the Internet. The internet in its whole is nothing more then a mass networked form of wires that send information throughout the entire world. With this invention, the gaps and boundaries of nations or civilization of our entire planet begin to crumble. Internet, or at least the computers that are connected to it, have a common language known as Binary, a mass complex language read in series of on and off signals. All computers read the same language, and since this is a true form of communication, it allows for cultures, nations and society to communicate with each other, whereas before a simple oral or written communication could not be understood commonly from all nations. What reasons or needs would there be to censor the internet? As with written or oral language, all of its information is created in fact by a human, which can lead towards being corrupted, destructive or mis-interupted by another. Since the internet is a world wide access of information that is available by all nations having the resources for it, rules and laws in one country are not the same in another. Another commonly known use of the internet is for commerce. It allows a person to sell goods from any country to another. This in return could be things such as illegal weapons, plants, and even pictorial art, to that neighboring or distant country or nation that might be prohibited... ... meeting in one location at a given time is an expensive endeavor, not to mention the cost of having to police or enforce the laws decided. Also, the cost of software programming, vast libraries of stored data, and teaching un-educated computer users in all countries around the world, but be an expansive process. Their would have to be a massive form of data collection of what type of IP address, certain types of words, and certain type of ports to block. This would not just make the cost of internet access massive incremental raise; it would also slow the speed of the entire network around the world down but a horrible mass decrease. In short, I believe the internet is the new revolution in communication, but the fact of its mass-connections that span the entire world; it would be like trying to run a government of trillions of people, with thousands of languages, and millions of different cultures to boot. In order to truly censor the internet, the only fool-proof, absolute solution would be to destroy it, which would deny the very tool and breakthrough in technology that has allowed the entire world to for once communicate, if not agree, on a universally accepted level.

Cuban Communism :: Communism Essays

â€Å"Japan’s imperial experience was different from that of the West in Asia and Africa in several fundamental ways.† (Bruce Cummings) Is it a valid categorisation of Japanese rule in Korea? Identify some of the main differences between Japanese colonialism and Western colonialism. Illustrate your answer with examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperialism has existed for many years and has displayed many differing forms. It is a naturally occurring event that has a vast and complex history. Major world powers have been striving to expand their relative power and at the same time provide for their people. From the earliest civilizations groups of individuals set out to improve their well being at the expense of others. When examining more modern imperialism there is little variation from this view. Countries all over the world depend on their colonies to meet the needs of their nation. The world has become transformed and many changes have occurred based on situations resulting from imperialism. There are processes towards basic imperialism that can be labelled as fundamental. Japan’s imperial experience in Korea, for example, differs from what the â€Å"West† experienced in Africa and Asia in several ways. The 19th and 20th centuries displayed a great amount of expansion and the countries of the West were hea vily responsible for this experience. Japan, however, played a key role in the history of imperialism as they joined in the fight for world power. First of all, Japan’s experience is different from the West’s in that it was more of a reactionary decision to expand, while the West had strong, rational motives to do so. Secondly, Japan’s choices in altering Korea’s society by such drastic measures are more powerful than how most of the West approached controlling their many colonies. Thirdly, the West did not have to deal with the outside interference and resistance that Japan was accustomed to near the end of their rule over Korea. Fourthly, Japan and Korea are two closely related countries. Their societies are similar and their geographical locations are very close to each other. The West, on the other hand, does not typically have this attachment with its colonies and the effects are noticeable. Lastly, because Japan had a history of Emperor worship the ways in which the country approached imperialism is affected in ways not applicable to the West. These differing aspects of rule displayed by Japan and the West clearly promote Bruce Cummings take on the matter of imperial experiences in the modern era.

Big Time Sports Essay

Big time sports in colleges are governed by guidelines and regulations. These sports are mostly in campuses and colleges. Big time sports can sometime lead to violent behaviour and undeserving behaviour, which are morally questionable. Most athletics can start using alcohol or drugs as incentives so that they can be able to practice for long hours without getting tired. These college athletes want to be the beat during tournament hence they will do everything possible to fulfill the goals, targets of the team. The players want to be selected because only the competitive and talented players make the team. In tournament you will find that violent behaviour is experienced in the field and university principles like discipline are undermined. Big time sports have its vices. Lack of discipline is one of them. Lack of discipline is constant practiced by the team players but the campus or colleges can avoid this and as a penalty to the players who misbehave they should not be allowed to play for the team until they are disciplined. Big time sports have been commercialized by the colleges and campus that participate in them because they compete with professional players. Many institutions end up using a lot of resources financially to build big stadiums. These can sometime lead to corruptions as sport grants and aid to these colleges and campus do not follow a procedure. Big time sports have programs, which govern the sports in the campuses and colleges. These programs do not receive a positive public exposure due to recruitment scandals, favourism based on gender issues, other students who participate in the sports end up performing badly academically, which is not good for the college. Colleges compete against each other between highly skilled teams of students halting scholarships. (Murray, 70) Big time sports can lead to conflict between academic performance and athletics. Colleges and campuses offering courses in liberal arts and sports have shown that the students who participate in college sports do not do well academically. This has led to college to tag the students in the graduation list who participate in college sports so as to compare them with the other students who don’t participate in sports. (Murray, 70) Big time sports cannot be successful if it wasn’t for the role the coaches play in these college sports. The coaches train the students with talent because they know the success of the team depends on the athletes’ talent. So if it is nurtured well, the more successful the team will be. If the team players are good that will reflect on how well the coach is because they learn from him as he guides them. Big time sports open opportunities. Most players are discovered while still in high school hence if recruitment is done properly the most talented players are got easily. Recruitment plays a major role in the success of a team taking into consideration that the team has competitive players hence stakes are set high for new players because if one is a good player possibility of being bought by a sport body to play for them are high. Other players are bought while still in high school, which can make them not finish high school, which is not right. High school athletes have to follow guidelines. Official visits are limited due to costs and if the player decides to have an official visit, it will be at his own expense. Big time sports have benefits to both colleges and campus and the players. These sports in terms of cost, consume a lot of resources in the campus budget. At the end, regardless of the high cost, when the colleges win in the college sport, there is usually an increase in application of students who want to join the college, donations also increase, teamwork is enhanced among the players, opposing teams are also united especially during the tournaments and lastly, it attracts athletes from diverse background. (Murray, 70) Big time sports are governed by guidelines and procedures. Due to technology, talented athletes are spotted even before they get to college and recruitment starts. They start the recruitment process by viewing the videotapes of applicants, dossiers, transcripts, which they sort. The ones short-listed are met in person. The final list is submitted to the admission office and also those who are academically qualified are admitted. The colleges also have committees to answer questions about college sports or any issue related to it. Issues to do with recruitment, complains and corruption, are also looked into by the committee. Works Cited Page Murray, S. College Sports, Inc. : The Athletic Department vs. the University. Henry Holt & Company. 1990.

Challenges of Bowhunting

Mr. Hinson Challenges of Bow hunting Hunters everywhere are presented with a number of challenges that arise with each hunt. Bow hunters are no exception to this. In most cases, bow hunters are faced with many more challenges than someone hunting with a firearm. Some challenges include the extensive preparation that has to be done before each hunt, as well as being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose.The extensive preparation required to be a successful bow hunter is indeed an adequate challenge. Unlike hunting with a firearm, someone cannot walk blindly into a deer stand and stand a chance at harvesting a deer. One must prepare. The preparation should begin with finding a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter, one they are comfortable with. Things must be adjusted to suit the one who will be hunting with it. Things like the draw weight which is the amount of weight require to pull the bow to â€Å"full dr aw' so it can be shot.After this, the hunter should practice shooting this bow to develop proper form and muscle memory well before season. Not only must this be mastered, but the hunter has to be comfortable shooting from different ositions such as sitting down or standing up. But Wait! It gets better! One must know which positions are acceptable for the deer to be in for an ethical shot to be taken. For example, if a Touchton deer was shot in the same place quartering away as if it was standing broadside, the vitals would be missed. This is only one example of why someone must have sufficient practice shooting their bow.Moving on to the next step in prepping; Scouting. Scouting is essential to having a successful season. In this case, success is defined as harvesting mature deer, both bucks and doe. So how does one scout? Scouting is done by walking around the property which the hunter will hunt, looking for signs of deer activity. A few signs of deer activity are tracks, trails, and beddings areas. Once trails and feeding areas are located, trail cameras are usually placed along them to capture pictures and videos of the deer in the area.This allows the hunter to know the deer on the property. This in turn allows the deer to be â€Å"picked out† and patterned. Once a deer is picked and patterned, a stand has to be placed to give the hunter the best possible opportunity to harvest deer. Obviously, this is not a one day project. It actually takes a good bit of time. Another mentionable challenge is being cognizant of all of the different types of equipment that can be used in this sport. Let's start with finding a bow. As I mentioned before, it important to find a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter.One that has all of the specifications that hunter may want. So that's all, right? Wrong. The right bow was found, but what about the necessary accessories? One crucial accessory would be the sights on the bow. Sights are tor aiming the bow, without them , a hunter would not hit what he or she was aiming at. Another piece of equipment of equal alue is a release. A release is what is used to release the bowstring to let the arrow fly. As with the sights, there are many to choose from. There are two main types of releases, a caliper and a thumb style.The best to get depends on who is asked. So Touchton it a preference. And what will be shot from this bow? That's right, an arrow. Once again, there are many to be chosen from. Different arrows vary in strength, weight, dynamics, and so on. The right choice depends on the strength and speed of the bow it will be shot out of. Another important piece of equipment is the broad head. One should research thoroughly to determine the most reliable and effective one. Again, mainly a preference. There are fixed blade and mechanical broad heads.Fixed blades are Just what the name implies, they do not change during flight or impact. Mechanical broad heads however open upon impact, theoretically prod ucing a larger wound channel. Now I am ready to hunt! Not so fast! Though stalking deer may be done, most chose to hunt deer from a tree stand or ground blind. The right type of stand depends solely on the preference of the hunter and the environment being hunted. Whether it be a Lock-on style, a climbing stand, a tree stand, or a ground blind.Along with knowing which stand to pick, knowing where to place it is a whole other challenge. It must be close enough to compensate for the limited range for a bow, but not too close so it alerts the game being hunted. As every bow hunter knows, this preparation takes months and no one step is more important than the other! Also, being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose is equally important. A hunter must have all of these things ready before opening day!

Science Fiction

Introduction This is a speech about science fiction. Today I will be talking about two science fiction texts, Avatar and Transformers. I will also be talking about the science fiction genre and what it is. Science Fiction Science fiction is made up of real life science technology, mixed with the world of fiction and make believe. By doing this I feel it brings more excitement to the novel or movie, making it easier to read, or watch, and relate to.We all love the world of make believe, as this allows us to believe we can be or do anything we wish even though we know it is not physically possible in the real world, this making for a more thrilling and exciting story, as opposed to when we have a science documentary which, yes, are very factual and interesting but have no thrilling highs and lows. I believe in some cases of science fiction novels or movies the author truly feels that the technology they have written about and could really end up actually happening in the near or later future.My first example of science fiction is one of my favourites, Transformers This story starts when a young teenager named Sam purchases a car that turns out to be an Autobot called Bumblebee, which he regards as evil at first. When Bumblebee (in car mode) returns the following day, Sam flees, believing the car is stalking him. Then the war begins between the Autobots and the Decepticons, as they battle for the Universe. The movie was set in the near future. The characters weakness is that he is fighting robots.In the end the humans win as they have a good team of robots on their side (the Autobots). The Decepticons lose the fight due to a bit of luck on the Autobots side and humans’ quick reflex action to his instincts. My second science fiction favourite is Avatar This story begins where scientists use Military-human hybrid bodies called Avatars that are operated via mental link by genetically matched humans. Jake Sully, paraplegic former  Marine, replaces his twin br other, a scientist trained as an avatar operator who was murdered in a robbery. Dr.Grace Augustine, head of the Avatar Program, considers Sully an inadequate replacement and assigns him as a bodyguard. The film was set in the near future. Neytiri is the daughter of the Omaticaya leader, the Na'vi clan, who is attracted to Jake because of his bravery while being frustrated with him for what she sees as his ignorance and stupidity. The characters weaknesses are that they are fighting huge machines. The Military lost because they relied on mere brute force and advanced technology, rather than actual intelligence and planning.This helped the Na’vi clan win as they had the familiarity of their own land to their advantage and had real intelligence and organisation in order to win Conclusion I feel in my first choice of Transformers that it has a lot to do with the past technology of machinery and how far this technology has come in the present and how much it will change again in t he near future. It also gives us an insight on what may or may not happen between the robots (machinery) and the human race. I loved the excitement of this movie, it is truly action packed but I also feel it is way more fiction than reality of science.Where a young human boy could defeat such futuristic machines (I don’t think so) but very exciting stuff! My second choice I feel is more realistic to how science and technology will advance in the future. It is not unrealistic to think there are other species than humans in our universe, or other beautiful planets like earth in our solar system. To think that we could replicate these other forms of life is not so fictitious either as our scientists are already delving in cloning humans.So who knows how much more advanced that will be in the future? It is also felt already that other species in our Universe are more advanced in technology than us, so this is not so hard to believe. I truly hope there are other life forms in our universe and that in the future we do meet them and hopefully we can live together and progress together unlike some of the movie Avatar where it creates war, which is not so unfamiliar or fictional in our world today either. Thank you for your time; hope you have enjoyed my view on science fiction. Science Fiction Introduction This is a speech about science fiction. Today I will be talking about two science fiction texts, Avatar and Transformers. I will also be talking about the science fiction genre and what it is. Science Fiction Science fiction is made up of real life science technology, mixed with the world of fiction and make believe. By doing this I feel it brings more excitement to the novel or movie, making it easier to read, or watch, and relate to.We all love the world of make believe, as this allows us to believe we can be or do anything we wish even though we know it is not physically possible in the real world, this making for a more thrilling and exciting story, as opposed to when we have a science documentary which, yes, are very factual and interesting but have no thrilling highs and lows. I believe in some cases of science fiction novels or movies the author truly feels that the technology they have written about and could really end up actually happening in the near or later future.My first example of science fiction is one of my favourites, Transformers This story starts when a young teenager named Sam purchases a car that turns out to be an Autobot called Bumblebee, which he regards as evil at first. When Bumblebee (in car mode) returns the following day, Sam flees, believing the car is stalking him. Then the war begins between the Autobots and the Decepticons, as they battle for the Universe. The movie was set in the near future. The characters weakness is that he is fighting robots.In the end the humans win as they have a good team of robots on their side (the Autobots). The Decepticons lose the fight due to a bit of luck on the Autobots side and humans’ quick reflex action to his instincts. My second science fiction favourite is Avatar This story begins where scientists use Military-human hybrid bodies called Avatars that are operated via mental link by genetically matched humans. Jake Sully, paraplegic former  Marine, replaces his twin br other, a scientist trained as an avatar operator who was murdered in a robbery. Dr.Grace Augustine, head of the Avatar Program, considers Sully an inadequate replacement and assigns him as a bodyguard. The film was set in the near future. Neytiri is the daughter of the Omaticaya leader, the Na'vi clan, who is attracted to Jake because of his bravery while being frustrated with him for what she sees as his ignorance and stupidity. The characters weaknesses are that they are fighting huge machines. The Military lost because they relied on mere brute force and advanced technology, rather than actual intelligence and planning.This helped the Na’vi clan win as they had the familiarity of their own land to their advantage and had real intelligence and organisation in order to win Conclusion I feel in my first choice of Transformers that it has a lot to do with the past technology of machinery and how far this technology has come in the present and how much it will change again in t he near future. It also gives us an insight on what may or may not happen between the robots (machinery) and the human race. I loved the excitement of this movie, it is truly action packed but I also feel it is way more fiction than reality of science.Where a young human boy could defeat such futuristic machines (I don’t think so) but very exciting stuff! My second choice I feel is more realistic to how science and technology will advance in the future. It is not unrealistic to think there are other species than humans in our universe, or other beautiful planets like earth in our solar system. To think that we could replicate these other forms of life is not so fictitious either as our scientists are already delving in cloning humans.So who knows how much more advanced that will be in the future? It is also felt already that other species in our Universe are more advanced in technology than us, so this is not so hard to believe. I truly hope there are other life forms in our universe and that in the future we do meet them and hopefully we can live together and progress together unlike some of the movie Avatar where it creates war, which is not so unfamiliar or fictional in our world today either. Thank you for your time; hope you have enjoyed my view on science fiction.

How far were ideological factors responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture Essay

How far were ideological factors responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans? I believe that ideological factor were responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans as Stalin was disgruntled by the peasants work ethic and continuingly wanted to become more communist and ideological issues were the main contributors that, if changed would make a vast difference to Russia. However, other factors also could have been responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans such as political and economical aspects. I feel that the main contributor in determining Stalin’s decision was the economic factors that Stalin was determined to industrialise Russia and under the NEP this was not possible. Ideological factors were responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans as the introduction of these new things meant that Russia could become more communist which was what Stalin ultimately wanted. Before collectivisation was introduced, Stalin felt that peasant attitude lacked revolutionary spirit, rather than producing grain for the good of the community the peasants produced it for themselves and their own profit. This was viewed as capitalism and was against what Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Russia tried to achieve and the NEP was helping the peasants develop capitalism. This is true in that of the introduction of collectivisation and the Five Year Plans and Stalin constantly wanted to become a ‘more communist’ state. Through collectivisation Stalin promised significant increase in production which would allow the government to sell more overseas, providing more resources for industrialisation and a higher standard of living for urban workers. Collectivisation had a devastating effect on the Russian peasantry, which resulted in Stalin’s ‘change of tactic’ in the Five Year Plans. Under the NEP the peasants had prospered while conditions for the workers were slow to improve. Stalin wanted to reverse this. He intended to replace the ‘bourgeois specialists’ with the ‘red specialists’ who were educated by the Communist government and who came from the ranks of the working class. However, political factors could also be seen as responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans. Stalin’s desire to initiate collectivisation was motivated  by his struggle against Bukharin and the Party’s rightwing. The radical nature of collectivisation appealed to the Party’s left wing. Moreover, it was far more appealing to many in the Communist Party than the right-wing alternative of importing grain. Grain imports would mean reducing the pace of industrialisation because the money used to buy grain could not be spent on developing Russia’s industry an d Stalin was incredibly eager to introduce industrialisation, it was one of his main aims for Russia. Under the NEP, importing grain many have been inevitable as without collectivisation Russia would have had to get grain from abroad or they would have starved. This would have resulted in the slowing down of industrialisation which Stalin would not have been pleased about. Additionally, Stalin’s own understanding of agriculture (which was very little) also had some bearing on his decision. He had a different view and understanding of agriculture to that of Lenin so the changing of the NEP to collectivisation seemed a logical step for Stalin. Political factors were also responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the Five Year Plans. For many, these plans were seen as Stalin’s consolidation of power. His message was very clear- Lenin’s Russia, the Russia of the NEP was over, and ‘Stalin’s Russia’ was just beginning. By this he removed the NEP which Lenin had brought in, so that to show Russia it was no longer going to go by the words of Lenin, but of Stalin. Finally, economic factors also could have been seen to be responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans. The autumn of 1926 saw record grain harvests for the USSR. However, the harvests of 1927, 1928 and 1929 were poorer. The decrease in production forced the price of agricultural products up. Consequently, the standard of living amongst urban workers declined. The NEP caused this decline in production and economically it was terrible for the country as without grain being produced the economy suffered huge losses and many Russian families were homeless. Collectivisation held out the prospect of many economic benefits, those being that large farms would increase efficiency, with improved efficiency it would mean that fewer people were needed to work on the farms, therefore releasing extra manpower for Russia’s developing industry and collectivisation promised a significant increase in production. Industrialisation was a main aim for Stalin and in his eyes through  collectivisation Russia would become more industrial; however under the NEP this was not possible. Similarly, the First Five Year Plan was introduced in response to the NEP’s failure to industrialise Russia. Even the NEP’s supporters acknowledged that that policy could only industrialise Ru ssia ‘at a snail’s pace’. The Five Year Plans aimed to speed up this process. It was evident that the NEP was not producing results quick enough and a new approach was needed. In conclusion, I believe that economic reasons were the important factor responsible for Stalin’s decision to replace the NEP with the collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plans as the economy under the NEP was in tatters and if Stalin had not tried to change the approach quickly the Russia economy would have been completely destroyed. Stalin wanted to increase the pace in which things were improving; under the NEP results were often slow and unpredictable. Although I feel that political and ideological were important in Stalin’s decision I don’t feel that they contributed to the extent that economical factors did. However, many points are linked, one in which that Stalin wanted Russia to become more communist and under the NEP that was not possible. This comes under all three factors and was an importa nt factor in Stalin’s decision. By Lara Williamson 12 MBE

A repudiatory breach of contract

A repudiatory breach of contract Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A repudiatory breach of contract Usually if the employee resigns, the contract terminates and the employee will have no claim against the employer for wrongful dismissal. However, employee’s resignation may result in wrongful dismissal claim if the resignation is a result of the employer’s repudiatory breach of the contract. Under section 95(1)(c) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 the employee is entitled to resign, without giving notice, and can make a claim of wrongful dismissal for the losses he suffered as a result of the early termination of the contract. In order for a claim to succeed, the employee must show that the employer breached either an express or implied contractual term. Furthermore, the employee needs to show that his resignation is a response to the breach, and that such breach was adequately serious to justify the resignation. The employee will also need to show that he had not confirmed the contract following the breach by returning to work. When d etermining the seriousness of the breach, the courts and tribunals will consider the express and implied contractual terms that were breached. The implied duty of trust and confidence is considered an important duty owed to employees by their employers. This duty states that the employer owes duty of support in the event that an employee is subjected by other employees to any form of abuse. It requires an employer to investigate the complaint and to take appropriate action. This was considered in Bracebridge Engineering Ltd v Darby [1990] IRLR 3 where it was held that by failing to provide adequate support and follow appropriate grievance procedure, the employer had breached the implied duty of trust and confidence. In Western Excavating (ECC) Ltd v Sharp [1978] QB 761, the Court of Appeal attempted to define unreasonable conduct and found that the employer must act sensibly in the treatment of his employees. If the employer behaves or conducts his affairs so unreasonably that the e mployee cannot be expected to work in such environment any longer, the employee is justified in leaving. This definition of unreasonable conduct was criticised by Lord Denning, who stated that a certain degree of a particular behaviour may be considered to be in line with the employer’s business. The interpretation is nowadays very wide, however the principle set out in Western Excavating case remains a valid principle in establishing unreasonable conduct. To breach the term of trust and confidence, employer must have been acting in a way that is likely to destroy or seriously damage trust and confidence which must exist between the employer and employee. In Morrow v Safeway Stores plc [2002] IRLR 9, the employee was publicly reprimanded and generally had a bad working relationship with the manager of the store. The Employment Tribunal held that although the public reprimand was a breach of the implied term of trust and confidence, it was not serious enough to entitle the emp loyee to resign and claim unfair dismissal. The Employment Appeal Tribunal overturned this decision and emphasised that the breach of implied term of trust and confidence, if committed, is a fundamental breach stemming from the contract itself, and as such will entitle the employee to resign.

Read the requirement carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Read the requirement carefully - Essay Example They are also used to determine the effect competition has on certain goods. Effects of these forces can be interpreted well especially in a perfect market. A perfect market is a market that is governed by certain conditions. They are: there are no restrictions to entering the market; information about the market is readily available; there is no party in the market that has any powers to set prices and technology is equally accessed by all participants in the market, (Mankiw, 2011). The demand of a commodity is the quantity of a good or service a consumer is willing and ahs the ability to buy. The law of demand stipulates that, when there are no other factors at play, the higher the price of a good or service, the lower the demand for that good or services. For example, if the price of milk increases then the demand for milk will fall. Diagram 1.a is a simple illustration of a demand curve Diagram 1.a However, there is an exception with velben and giffen goods, (Arnold, 2008). A vel ben good is a type of commodity whose demand rises with the increase of its price. Normally giffen goods are considered commodities of position. They include jewelry, expensive cars among others. Giffen good is a commodity whose demand increases irrespective of the change in price. ... The responsiveness of the demand of goods and services to these factors is referred to as elasticity of demand. The percentage change of the quantity demanded for a particular good is referred to as price elasticity of demand. it is derived from the formulae . Diagram 1.c illustrates price elasticity of milk. Diagram 1.c An increase in the price of milk from p1 to p2 will result in a slight decrease in the quantity demanded from q1 to q2. This is because products like milk experience inelastic price elasticity. This is because the milk is a necessity good which experiences this type of elasticity, (Mankiw, 2011). Cross price elasticity of demand is the difference in the amount demanded for a good in percentage as a result of a percentage change in the price of other goods. It is derived from the formula, (Hall and Lieberman, 2007). In this case there are different types of curves to show the responsiveness of the amount demanded as a result of changes in price of other goods. Diagram 1.d shows the cross elasticity of complementary goods. These are goods that are used together. For example, milk and bread are complementary goods. If the price of bread drops from p1 to p2 then we expect the demand of milk to increase from p1 to p2. Diagram 1.d Diagram 1.e shows the cross elasticity of independent for independent goods. These are goods whose use is independent of each other, for example, milk and electronics are independent. Hence a change in the price of electronics from p2 to p1 will result in no change in the price of milk. It will remain at q1.. Diagram 1.e Income elasticity of demand is the percentage change demand of a certain commodity as a result in changes in income of the consumer. It is derived from the formula .Since milk is a

Assessment and Theraputics2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment and Theraputics2 - Essay Example Yet, regardless of this, many patients still have to deal with excruciating pain after surgical processes operated on them. Nurses still don’t have the necessary skills for pain management and this continues to affect patients in a very negative way. This document looks at this issue from a case study point of view with a regard to understanding this issue and looking at how the individual nurses can use the Tunner’s Model which is a four step model for nurses to apply clinical Judgement. Part I There are a number of advantages associated with treating post-operative pain. The main advantage is related to the fact that nursing is about returning the patient to his or her normal state before the health problem at hand. Surgical operation on a patient treats one health issue but can leave the patient with other health issues such as excessive pain. In such a case, a surgical process cannot be considered as complete in terms of healing the person until the pain associated with it is overcome. Treating the patient in order to manage this pain and eliminate it is therefore a vital part of treatment and the sooner the pain is dealt with the sooner the patient can get back his or her health (D’Arcy, 2012). Failing to manage this pain would mean that the patient will not be able to get their health back. Pain varies in intensity and postoperative pain can be so excruciating to the amount of death if not well managed. Different people respond differently to pain and this difference can lead to different health implications for different individuals. In this regard, it is the role of the nurse to be able to look at the patient and understand how the postoperative pain is affecting their health and be able to deal with this as soon as possible and in the most efficient way possible (Bell & Duffy, 2009). Failing to manage postoperative pain can lead to two main issues. To being with, it can lead to over-delayed discharge of the patient which will defin itely affect the efficiency of the hospital as well as the cost of healthcare to the patient or whoever is footing the bill for the patient. At the same time, it can lead to complications on the patient’s recovery process and sometimes lead to more issues which were not existent before the surgery. However, the bottom line of postoperative pain treatment should be based on the fact that the patient has a right to minimised pain in post-operative situations (Layzell, 2008). Part II Noticing Noticing is a very important part of the clinical judgement process as it provides for the basis of treatment before any other implicit knowledge is gained with regard to the customer (Tanner, 2006). With regard to Josie, there are a number of issues which the nurse could be able to look at in this regard. As seen in the case study, Josie has a history of other medical issues which may contribute to her response to the post-operative pain not being very well. As a diabetic, there may be oth er issues which the nurse may want to consider as Josie goes through the process of surgery. These include such explicit information such as her glucose levels, her body temperature levels, her heartbeat rates etc. These details are important in order to identify any issues which might arise during and or after the survival process. After the surgery, tracking information about her heartbeat, the glucose levels (especially due to her diabetic condition), her